How should we care for our teeth during pregnancy?

You may have heard the common belief that mums-to-be lose a tooth or two during each pregnancy because the baby “takes calcium” from the mother – leading to tooth decay. There are anecdotal observations behind this idea, but how worried should we be about dental problems during pregnancy?

Hormonal changes can indeed increase susceptibility to issues such as inflammation and bleeding gums, but these do not automatically lead to tooth loss. However, pre-existing, untreated dental problems can worsen while you’re pregnant, so it’s recommended to have a check-up before trying for a baby. What are the most common issues in these months?

Gum inflammation is common in pregnancy 

Hormonal shifts can alter the oral microbiome, and plaque can build up more readily on teeth. Plaque contributes to tartar (calculus) formation, which in turn leads to gingivitis and swollen gums.

Even if problems arise, there are safe treatment options during pregnancy to heal the gums before complications develop. Prevention is best: regular, thorough cleaning – with a soft-bristled brush, floss, and interdental brushes – plus routine dental visits.

What complications can untreated gingivitis cause?

The process involves increased tartar formation, which can deposit below the gumline, creating pockets between gums and teeth. Bacteria thrive there unnoticed. Inflammation develops; the supporting bone begins to soften, teeth loosen and may eventually fall out. The inflammation can also spread to the jawbone.

If you want to be proactive with your health, pay extra attention to oral hygiene. If you haven’t yet mastered a reliable brushing technique, now is the time – we’ll outline it shortly.

Gingivitis isn’t always easy to spot 

Early on, there may be no obvious symptoms, so it’s worth staying alert and checking your gums when you brush.

Do you notice:

• Red, purplish, swollen gums?

• Bleeding – especially when brushing, or even at night?

Do you experience:

• Pain around the gums (even a dull, constant ache)?

• Bad breath?

Inflamed gums can be treated

A dentist will clean your teeth, removing tartar and plaque, and advise you on correct home care. Do let them know early in pregnancy, so they can recommend a suitable mouthwash and safe treatment options. Treatment only succeeds if you follow the advice and adjust your routine – brush more regularly and thoroughly, using the right technique and tools.

Your gums may bleed more often 

During pregnancy, certain hormone levels rise, which can dilate gum blood vessels and increase bleeding. There’s also typically greater blood flow and a higher tendency to inflammation. Bleeding gums are common in pregnancy.

Treating this matters because you can prevent later periodontal disease and chronic inflammation, which could ultimately lead to tooth loss if the supporting tissues are damaged. Gum disease can also have negative effects on pregnancy.

Brush at least twice a day… 

…and if you can, after meals.

Do you know the correct brushing technique? 

How you brush matters. You may recall children’s TV showing side-to-side scrubbing – but that isn’t correct. This horizontal action can cause tooth-neck abrasion, and it pushes plaque up to the gums, encouraging tartar and gingivitis.

The widely taught “circles everywhere” approach on all surfaces isn’t ideal either for the fronts and backs of teeth, as it can push plaque towards the gums. Some electric brushes can have a similar effect if used this way.

The safest technique is the modified Bass method. Use gentle circles on the chewing surfaces, but on the outer and inner surfaces:
hold the brush at 45° and sweep away from the gums – upwards for the lower teeth and downwards for the upper teeth. Do not use circular motions here, as they push plaque towards and under the gumline.

Cleaning between teeth matters too! 

Gingivitis and decay often start between teeth, so clean these small gaps daily. There are many options in chemists: floss, single-use interdental brushes, and water flossers.
Mouthwashes can help reduce plaque, but during pregnancy ask a professional which brands are safe and suitable.

Choose toothpaste carefully 

Aim for natural-leaning formulations that clean effectively. Some additives can reach baby’s system. Chlorhexidine and triclosan are examples to avoid during pregnancy – try to steer clear.

The good news: excellent oral-care products are widely available in chemists. Check the ingredients, and you can opt for sugar-free toothpastes with natural components.

While you’re pregnant, keep these in mind 

• Prioritise good oral hygiene.

• Attend regular dental check-ups.

• If you notice a problem, see a dentist promptly.

• Eat healthily.

• Take vitamins.

• If possible, have a dental check before pregnancy.

It’s wise to have a dental examination when planning a baby. If any infection source (focus) or other condition is found, treating it improves pregnancy safety. Remember, diagnostic and treatment options can be limited during pregnancy and breastfeeding – X-rays and some pain relief – so an early screening lets you address issues before pregnancy.

Sources:

NHS – Bleeding gums in pregnancy: causes, prevention and treatment.

NHS – How to keep your teeth clean: daily care, brushing and interdental cleaning.